A Treasury review in London examined Northern Ireland Executive finances. The Open Book Review identified eight options that Stormont leaders could have used to avoid a budget overspend.

Northern Ireland receives £1.24 for every £1 spent on comparable public services in England. Some departments spend more than that ratio compared to Great Britain counterparts.

Public sector pay rises lack performance requirements. The executive supports free public transport from a lower age amid rising life expectancy. Free prescriptions extend to wealthy individuals.

Northern Ireland's welfare spending per person exceeds the UK average. Hospital provision remains inefficient despite expert reports recommending changes.

The executive has not raised the regional rate to address funding gaps.