Northern Ireland universities increased non-domestic student numbers from 10,340 in 2019/20 to 18,985 in 2023/24. Non-EU student enrolment rose from 4,380 to 12,520 in the same period. Ulster Unionist Deputy Leader and Economy spokesperson Diana Armstrong MLA highlighted the reliance on higher-fee students from Great Britain and overseas to maintain university finances.

Armstrong noted that these students pay substantially more in tuition fees than Northern Ireland students. She stated that universities function as education providers rather than profit-focused operations. Ulster University plans to cut up to 450 jobs, which Armstrong described as evidence of flaws in higher education funding.

Many Northern Ireland students opt to study in Great Britain and do not return after graduation. International students also tend not to stay in Northern Ireland post-graduation. Armstrong argued this pattern fails to support the local economy or workforce development.

The maximum student number cap limits universities' ability to expand domestic intake and secure stable revenue. Armstrong said this restriction prevents training for needed professionals including engineers, doctors, nurses, veterinarians, and teachers. She called on the Economy Minister to develop a strategy prioritising students, staff, and economic requirements.