The inclusion of images created by artificial intelligence in an exhibition at the Belfast Exposed photography gallery has drawn criticism from local artists.

The exhibition, 'Beneath the Surface', features work by nine Master of Fine Arts graduates from Ulster University. One participant, artist Jonny Sheridan, used generative AI software to produce his pieces.

Deirdre Robb, chief executive of Belfast Exposed, said the AI-generated images are deliberately provocative and raise important questions. She stated the gallery has a history of not shying away from controversy.

Sheridan described his creative process as involving multiple rounds of prompting, rejection and revision, with attention to composition, lighting and symbolism. He said the work explores the perils of AI, including concerns about alignment with human values, employment impacts and existential risks.

But local artist Chloe Austin, a graduate of the same MFA programme, argued that AI devalues creative labour and lacks connection to culture, memories and languages. She said the technology scrapes the internet for other artists' work without permission, and that generating an image via a prompt does not create the human connection that art should foster.

Belfast-based photographer Brendan Harkin called for a 'no AI' policy in the arts. He cited the environmental cost of data centres used for image generation, which consume large volumes of water, and stated that AI work is devoid of creativity. Harkin expressed disappointment that Sheridan chose to use AI rather than photographic skills.

The exhibition continues at Belfast Exposed.